EVALUATING THE CULTURO-TECHNO-CONTEXTUAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (CTCAI) PEDAGOGY: A SYNTHESIS OF TWO EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON THE TEACHING OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
By Peter A. Okebukola, Shedrach Ichukwu, Sunday Akinrotimi, Omotayo Shittu, Eniola Akinola, 6Ann Tame
Volume 10 • Issue No 2 • May 2026
Abstract
This paper synthesises two empirical studies that examined the effectiveness of the Culturo-Techno-Contextual Artificial Intelligence (CTCAI) pedagogy in the teaching of social science topics in Nigerian secondary schools. The first study involved Senior Secondary School Two students learning the topic "Communication Process", while the second engaged Senior Secondary School One students exploring "Separation of Powers" in Government. Across both studies, CTCAI employed cultural metaphors, multilingual discourse, AI-assisted inquiry, contextual examples and collaborative learning. Pretest and posttest data were analysed for achievement, attitude and critical thinking. The results of the synthesised studies demonstrate that CTCAI produced measurable learning gains, especially in achievement and critical thinking. Achievement in the Communication Process study increased from a pretest mean of 10.77 to a posttest mean of 13.77, giving a gain of 3.00. In the Separation of Powers study, the gain was slightly higher, moving from 8.56 to 12.00, for a gain of 3.44. These improvements indicate that CTCAI facilitated better understanding of lesson content in both areas. Attitude exhibited divergent trends. In the Communication Process study, attitude increased modestly from 44.45 to 45.21, a gain of 0.76. This indicates that while CTCAI improved cognitive outcomes in both subjects, its effect on students’ affective dispositions varied. The findings show that CTCAI offers strong cognitive benefits while attitudinal responses may vary by subject. ANCOVA was significant (p<.001) for all dependent measures for the two studies. Within the limitations of the two studies, it is concluded that CTCAI has promise as a viable pedagogy for enhancing learning. It recommends scaling, teacher training and further research.
Keywords
Culturo-Techno-Contextual AI (CTCAI), Artificial Intelligence in Education, Culturally Responsive Pedagogy, Multilingual Learning, Civic Education.